砗磲研究现状及在我国南海开展养殖的前景   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

周勤  王玉芬  姜秀凤 《热带海洋学报》2014,33(2):87-93

砗磲是软体动物门瓣鳃纲砗磲科生物的统称,广泛分布于热带珊瑚礁海域。20世纪八九十年代,澳大利亚、美国以及菲律宾等太平洋岛屿国家集中开展了砗磲增养殖及与之相关的生理、生态和经济学等基础研究。砗磲通过与其共生的虫黄藻获得营养,这一特性使得砗磲生长速度极快。砗磲的单位面积保有量可达400t·hm-2,使得它们在热带珊瑚礁海域中具有重要的生态学和养殖意义。不仅如此,砗磲在其生长过程中所体现出来的珊瑚礁修复价值以及碳汇渔业价值对于海洋开发和保护都有着极其重要的意义。同时,我国南海拥有环境优越的广阔热带海域,可开展砗磲养殖的面积达3000km2以上。结合以上认识,作者认为砗磲养殖具有形成热带海洋贝类养殖重大产业的潜力,可以为我国南海珊瑚礁保护和生态文明建设工程提供支撑。  相似文献   

Annual Variations of Biogenic Element Contents of Manila Clam （Ruditapes philippinarum） Bottom-Cultivated in Jiaozhou Bay,China     

ZAN Xiaoxiao XU Binduo ZHANG Chongliang REN Yiping 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(4):637-646

Manila clam （Ruditapes philippinarum） was monthly sampled from its benthic aquaculture area in Jiaozhou Bay from May 2009 to June 2010.The annual variations of major elemental composition,organic content,fatness and element ratio of Manila clam were examined.The element removal effect of clam farming in Jiaozhou Bay was analyzed based on natural mortality and clam harvest.The results indicated that the variation trend of carbon content in shell （Cshell） was similar to that in clam （Cclam）.Such a variation was higher in summer and autumn than in other seasons,which ranged from 9.10±0.13 to 10.38 ± 0.09 mmol g^-1 and from 11.28 ±0.29 to 12.36±0.06 mmol g 1,respectively.Carbon content of flesh （Cflnesh） showed an opposite variation trend to that of shell in most months,varying from 29.42 ± 0.05 to 33.64 ± 0.62 mmol g^-1.Nitrogen content of shell （Nshell） and flesh （Nflesh） changed seasonally,which was relatively low in spring and summer.Nshell and Nflesh varied from 0.07 ±0.009 to 0.14±0.009 mmol g^-1 and from 5.46 ± 0.12 to 7.39 ± 0.43 mmol g^-1,respectively.Total nitrogen content of clam ranged from 0.50 ± 0.003 to 0.76 ± 0.10 mmol g^-1 with a falling tend except for a high value in March 2010.Phosphorus content of clam （Nclam） fluctuated largely,while phosphorus content of shell （Pshell） was less varied than that of flesh （Pflesh）.Pshell varied from 0.006±0.001 to 0.016±0.001 mmol g^-1; while Pflesh fluctuated between 0.058±0.017 and 0.293±0.029mmolg^-1.Pclam ranged from 0.015±0.002 to 0.041 ±0.006mmolg^-1.Carbon and nitrogen content were slightly affected by shell length,width or height.Elemental contents were closely related to the reproduction cycle.The removal amounts of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus from clam harvest and natural death in Jiaozhou Bay were 2.92× 10^4t,1420t and 145 t,respectively.The nutrient removal may aid to reduce the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus,the main causes of eutrophication,and to maintain the ecosystem health of J  相似文献   

Broodstock conditioning of New Zealand geoduck (Panopea zelandica) within different temperature and feeding ration regimes     

D Viet Le  N King 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2014,48(3):356-370

Two-year-old New Zealand geoducks (Panopea zelandica) were conditioned within combinations of three water temperatures (7–8, 11–12 and 16–17 °C) and three feeding rations (10,000, 50,000 and 100,000 cells mL^?1 of Chaetoceros mulleri and Isochrysis galbana) for 73 days. Similar percent matured and dry condition index values were observed among temperatures. However, significantly higher dry gonadosomatic indices (GSI_dw) were recorded at 8 and 12 °C. Although no difference was detected in percentage of spawned individuals and connective tissue occupation indices, a higher percent matured were recorded when fed 10,000 and 50,000 cells mL^?1. A reference group conditioned in pond water became matured 2 months later than the other nine experimental groups, but GSI_dw were similar. To maximise reproductive output, we suggest that 2-year-old P. zelandica may be conditioned in pond water for a month and then in 8 or 12 °C seawater with 50,000 cells mL^?1.  相似文献   

Assessment of Clam Ruditapes philippinarum as Heavy Metal Bioindicators Using NMR‐Based Metabolomics     

Xiaoli Liu  Linbao Zhang  Liping You  Junbao Yu  Ming Cong  Qing Wang  Fei Li  Lianzhen Li  Jianmin Zhao  Chenghua Li  Huifeng Wu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(8):759-766

There are mainly distributed three pedigrees (White, Liangdao Red, and Zebra) of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Yantai population along the Bohai marine and coast. However, the biological differences to environmental stressors have been ignored in toxicology studies, which could lead to the distortion of biological interpretations of toxicological effects induced by environmental contaminants. In this study, we applied a system biology approach, metabolomics to compare the metabolic profiles in digestive gland from three pedigrees of clam and characterize and compare the metabolic responses induced by mercury in clam digestive gland tissues to determine a sensitive pedigree of clam as a preferable bioindicator for metal pollution monitoring and toxicology research. The most abundant metabolites, respectively, included branched‐chain amino acids, alanine, and arginine in White samples, glutamate, dimethylglycine, and glycine in Zebra clams and acetylcholine, betaine, glucose, and glycogen in Liangdao Red clams. After 48 h exposure of 20 µg L^?1 Hg²⁺, the metabolic profiles from the three pedigrees of clams showed differentially significant changes in alanine, glutamate, succinate, taurine, hypotaurine, glycine, arginine, glucose, etc. Our findings indicate the toxicological effects of mercury exposure in Manila clams including the neurotoxicity, disturbances in energetic metabolisms and osmoregulation in the digestive glands and suggest that Liangdao Red pedigree of clam could be a preferable bioindicator for the metal pollution monitoring based on the more sensitive classes of metabolic changes from digestive glands compared with other two (White and Zebra) pedigrees of clams.  相似文献   

Toxicological Effects Induced by Cadmium in Gills of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Using NMR‐Based Metabolomics     

Linbao Zhang  Xiaoli Liu  Liping You  Di Zhou  Junbao Yu  Jianmin Zhao  Jianghua Feng  Huifeng Wu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(11):989-995

Cadmium (Cd) has become an important heavy metal contaminant in the sediment and seawater along the Bohai Sea and been of great ecological risk due to its toxic effects to marine organisms. In this work, the toxicological effects caused by environmentally relevant concentrations (10 and 40 µg L^?1) of Cd were studied in the gill tissues of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum after exposure for 24, 48, and 96 h. Both low (10 µg L^?1) and high (40 µg L^?1) doses of Cd caused the disturbances in energy metabolism and osmotic regulation and neurotoxicity based on the metabolic biomarkers such as succinate, alanine, branched chain amino acids, betaine, hypotaurine, and glutamate in clam gills after 24 h of exposure. However, the recovery of toxicological effects of Cd after exposure for 96 h was obviously observed in clam to Cd exposures. Overall, these results indicated that NMR‐based metabolomics was applicable to elucidate the toxicological effects of heavy metal contaminants in the marine bioindicator.  相似文献   

河蚬壳体矿物组成及其对环境的适应性变化     

周会  刘丛强  王兵  闫慧  江伟  龚国洪  赵彦龙  丁文慈 《矿物学报》2011,31(2):243-249

河蚬是原产于我国和东南亚地区的一种淡水双壳类底栖动物,极强的环境适应能力使其在世界越来越多的淡水环境中成为优势动物种类,为研究生物对环境变化的适应性提供了一个范例。壳体是河蚬适应外部环境的重要器官,长期以来被认为由文石矿物组成。通过对我国黄河下游、淮河流域、长江和西江流域河蚬壳体显微结构观察和矿物成分X射线衍射分析,我们发现文石仅占壳体矿物质平均组成的95.5%,其余为方解石、蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石等,平均含量各为1%左右。壳体棱柱层和薄片层中文石矿物的含量也存在系统差异,后者高出前者11%左右。河蚬壳体相同部位棱柱层文石含量表现出显著的区域变化特征,淮河和长江流域文石含量较高,分别达到96.1%和97.8%。而汉水和西江流域壳体中文石矿物含量较低,平均分别为94.5%和94.2%。黄河下游和珠江流域的数据较少,但已有数据显示前者文石含量低至92.7%而后者高达98.4%。壳体文石矿物含量的变化与区域气候变化和环境污染之间存在较好的对应关系,是河蚬适应环境变化的结果。本研究结果有助于在全球变化背景下利用生物的适应特点保护陆地水环境的生物多样性。  相似文献   

中国北方晚侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期的 新叶肢介化石   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王思恩 《地质通报》2013,32(7):957-966

新叶肢介化石共有3属5种,其中2属4种产自新疆准噶尔盆地早白垩世早期的清水河组,包括Shiheziestheria pangi Wang（gen.et sp.nov.）,Nestoria jungarensis Wang(sp.nov.),Nestoria shawanensis Wang(sp.nov.),Nestoria donggouensis Wang( sp. nov.);另1属1种 Eosestheria yaozhanensis sp.nov.,产自冀北围场县腰站乡晚侏罗世晚期的大北沟组。  相似文献   

南海主要岛礁概率海啸风险评估          下载免费PDF全文

赵广生  牛小静 《海岸工程》2021,40(1):1-9

影响地震海啸的震源参数众多且具有很强的不确定性,充分评估海啸风险需要大量的情景模拟。本文基于建立的概率海啸风险模型,采用一种高效的海啸模拟方法,评估了南海主要岛礁的概率海啸风险。通过对历史地震数据的分析,综合考虑震级、震中位置、震源深度的随机性,形成了百万数量级的潜在地震情景集,并通过叠加近似方法实现了大量地震情景引发海啸过程的模拟。该方法将数量庞大的地震海啸情景转化为有限的单位源水位扰动的传播计算,利用单位扰动源的传播演进数据库,计算目标位置的水位波动过程,可以很大程度上降低大规模情景模拟的计算负担。基于大规模情景模拟,结合各情景出现的概率,客观地给出了南海主要岛礁的海啸波高重现期,为海岛防灾减灾提供参考。研究结果表明,大多数目标岛礁处百年一遇的海啸波高不超过0.4 m。南海内不同位置处的海啸风险有较大差异,东沙群岛附近百年一遇的海啸波高超过0.6 m,而西沙的永乐群岛和南沙群岛的海啸波高显著低于其他区域。  相似文献   

南海东部马尼拉俯冲带深部结构新认识*     

赵明辉  程锦辉  高金尉  孙龙涛  徐亚  张佳政  杜峰 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(3):25-33

2015—2018年, 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划“南海深海过程演变”的重点支持项目“南海东部马尼拉俯冲带深部结构探测与研究”以马尼拉俯冲带为研究重点, 从深部地球物理的角度探索南海形成演化史与运行规律。项目执行期间, 在国家基金委共享航次协助下, 先后开展和参与5次综合地球物理探测, 共投放海底地震仪(Ocean Bottom Seismometer, OBS)台站73台次, 海底电磁仪(Ocean Bottom ElectroMagnetometers, OBEM)仪器5台次, 累积放炮达13872炮, 成功获得了60台OBS数据和5台OBEM数据。同时, 取得了一系列创新性研究成果: (1)基于人工地震探测及天然地震层析成像结果, 确定南海东北部的地壳属性为受到张裂后期岩浆活动影响的减薄陆壳(12~15km), 划分了南海北部陆缘洋陆边界(Continent-Ocean Boundary, COB); (2)根据多道地震反射剖面, 划分了马尼拉俯冲带北部增生楔前缘的精细结构; (3)圈定了南海停止扩张时洋壳范围; (4)初步构建了南海与菲律宾海板块构造演化模型。本项目为重大研究计划“南海深海过程演变”核心科学问题(海底扩张的年代与过程)提供了实质性的证据, 同时为南海构造演化生命史的“骨架”提供了重要的基础数据, 具有深远的科学意义。  相似文献   

海山的倾斜俯冲对上覆板块变形的影响     

李付成  孙珍  张云帆  徐子英  谢辉 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(4):1406-1415

伴随洋壳的俯冲,驼伏其上的海山会导致上覆板块的强烈变形.为解释该构造变形特征,本文运用物理模拟实验的方法,着重分析海山的斜向俯冲对上覆板块变形的影响,并将模拟结果与正向俯冲过程进行对比.实验结果显示:海山开始进入俯冲,前缘楔体的增生会被阻止,同时楔体被抬升并出现脱顶构造,未被海山破坏的楔体会出现后冲断层的激活,后冲断层轴平行于海山的俯冲方向.海山进一步俯冲,突起项部发育一系列张扭性质的微断裂和走滑性质的共轭断裂,尾随突起之后的楔体由于重力会产生正断层系统.比起正向俯冲,斜向俯冲过程中所产生的后逆冲体、海山两侧的叠瓦状逆冲推覆构造都出现不对称分布,断裂和微断裂束的走向不规则散开,后冲断层的轴向及海山俯冲过后在楔体上产生的凹槽的轨迹都不断斜向迁移,且凹槽两侧的地势不一致等.最后利用文中的物理模拟结果,很好的解释了马尼拉海沟中段俯冲构造的构造特征,同时对其他俯冲大陆边缘的构造解释具有指导意义.  相似文献